Melanoma

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, more people are diagnosed with skin cancer each year than all other cancers combined. Among these cancers, melanoma is less common but far more dangerous because it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body if it is not detected early.

Melanoma accounts for about one percent of all skin cancers, yet it causes a large percentage of skin cancer deaths. The good news is that when melanoma is found early and treated promptly, the five-year survival rate is about 99 percent. That is why awareness and regular skin checks are so important – especially for older adults who may have experienced many years of sun exposure.

How to Recognize Warning Signs

Health professionals often recommend using the ABCDE rule to help identify possible melanoma:

A – Asymmetry
If you draw a line through a mole, the two halves do not match. Benign moles are usually symmetrical.

B – Border
Melanomas often have uneven, scalloped, or notched borders. Noncancerous moles typically have smooth, even edges.

C – Color
A mole that has multiple colors, such as shades of brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue—may be a warning sign. Benign moles are usually a single, consistent color.

D – Diameter or Dark
Melanomas are often larger than about ¼ inch (the size of a pencil eraser), though they can sometimes be smaller. A mole that appears darker than others should also be examined.

E – Evolving
Any mole or spot that changes in size, shape, or color – or begins to itch, bleed, or crust – should be evaluated by a medical professional.

The “Ugly Duckling” Clue

Another helpful guideline is the “ugly duckling” sign. This refers to a mole that looks different from all the others on your body. If one spot stands out because it is darker, larger, lighter, or shaped differently than the rest, it is worth having it checked by a healthcare provider.

Protecting Your Skin

Prevention and early detection are key. Consider these simple steps:

• Use sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher when outdoors.
• Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.
• Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.
• Perform regular skin self-checks.
• Schedule routine skin examinations with a healthcare professional.

Taking care of your skin is an important part of healthy aging. By paying attention to changes and protecting yourself from excessive sun exposure, you can reduce risks and detect potential problems early.

The Orlando Senior Help Desk at Jewish Pavilion Senior Services encourages older adults and caregivers to stay informed about melanoma and other health concerns. When it comes to skin health, awareness truly can save lives.