Colonoscopies, Explained: What To Expect And Why They Matter

Colon cancer rates have been rising among adults under 50 in recent years and colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among younger and older adults, according to the American Cancer Society.

 If you’ve been putting off a colon cancer screening because it feels awkward, scary, or confusing, you’re not alone. Many people delay getting a colonoscopy simply because they don’t know what will happen and are scared. The good news: Once you understand the basics, the process often feels a lot more manageable.

What is it? A colonoscopy is a screening that lets a doctor look inside your colon and rectum using a small camera. It can help find concerns early — including colon cancer and polyps, which can sometimes be removed during the procedure. It can also help identify other issues that may explain symptoms, such as inflammation.

Finding problems early can make treatment easier and can help protect your long-term health.

When should you get a colon cancer screening? For most adults, the guidelines recommend starting routine screening at age 45. You may need to start earlier or screen more often if you have a higher risk for colon cancer, such as:

• A family history of colon cancer
• A personal history of polyps or colon cancer
• Certain digestive conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease

Before your colonoscopy: Let’s be honest — the preparation is the part most people dread. You’ll follow special instructions and drink a solution that helps clean out your colon so your doctor can get a clear view. It’s inconvenient, but it’s short-term — and it results in a clearer, more accurate screening.

The procedure itself is easier than many people think. Most people receive sedation, so you’ll be comfortable and may not remember much — many describe it as a good nap. You’ll also need someone to drive you home. Unless you’re at high risk, you only need to get a colonoscopy once every 10 years.

If a colonoscopy feels like too much for you right now, ask your doctor about other colon cancer screening options, such as:

• At-home stool tests (need to be done every year; a positive result may require a follow-up colonoscopy)
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy (checks the lower part of the colon and needs to be done every five years)

Colon cancer is often preventable — but screening is key. If you’re due (or overdue), talk with your doctor about your options and what’s covered under your plan. The best colon cancer screening is the one you’ll actually complete.