Hearing Loss and Dementia

If you notice a loved one repeatedly asking the same questions, becoming more confused, or struggling with memory, you might assume they have dementia. However, these symptoms could also be signs of hearing loss.

Recent research, as published in the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine, highlights the connection between cognitive decline and hearing loss, confirming what many health professionals have long suspected: hearing loss can significantly contribute to cognitive impairment.

A groundbreaking study conducted by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine explored the long-term effects of hearing loss on brain function. The study followed 1,984 participants aged 75 to 84 over six years, all of whom were healthy and cognitively sound at the beginning. Researchers found a strong link between hearing loss and cognitive decline, with those experiencing hearing loss suffering cognitive impairment more than three years earlier than those with normal hearing.

At the start, 1,162 participants had varying degrees of hearing loss – 66% mild, 33% moderate, and 1% severe. Over time, 609 participants developed cognitive issues. These results show that hearing loss accelerates cognitive decline, raising the need for caregivers to be especially mindful of hearing issues in their loved ones.

Dr. Frank Lin, an otologist and epidemiologist who led the study, noted that cognitive diminishment was 41% greater in seniors with hearing loss. He explained that social isolation and loneliness – already well-known risk factors for cognitive decline – often accompany hearing difficulties, as individuals become less inclined to engage in conversations and social activities. Additionally, the brain may use excessive energy to process unclear auditory signals, leaving less mental capacity for memory and critical thinking.

Dr. Lin also raised the possibility that damage to the brain and auditory system might simultaneously contribute to both hearing loss and cognitive issues. He advocates for audiology tests to be part of routine health check-ups for seniors, emphasizing that untreated hearing loss can have more severe consequences in the long run.

Many seniors delay seeking help for hearing loss, sometimes for up to 20 years, without realizing the impact on their cognitive health. Dr. Lin estimates that around 27 million Americans over the age of 50, and two-thirds of individuals older than 70, experience hearing loss. Unfortunately, only 15% of those needing hearing aids actually use them.

As caregivers, it is essential to remain vigilant for signs of hearing loss in loved ones. Some indicators include:

• Repeatedly asking others to repeat themselves or complaining that others are mumbling.
• Increasing the volume on the TV or radio more than usual.
• Cupping a hand behind the ear when listening.
• Complaints of ringing, buzzing, or dizziness.
• Avoiding conversations or social settings due to difficulty hearing.